INTRODUCTION AND STURUCTURE OF
TOEFL
Toefl is a type of test that test a person
to ability to communicate with the english language standard, either, in a
communicate orally and writing in
academia.
The
types of structure of toefl are so many, for example :
I. NOUNS,
there are two type of nouns, are
concrete nouns and abstract nouns.
·
Concrete nouns (kata benda berwujud)
·
Abstract nouns (kata benda tidak
berwujud)
This is the example bout noun questions
:
Change the words in the brackets into a
correct noun to complete the sentences below
1.
Sally is my ......... (assist). She
helps me every day.
The answered is assistant.
II. DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE”
When used definite article “the”
“The” is the word definite article. The
used in front a word which tha has been mentioned previously in the same or in
s previous sentence, for example :
She has a novel but the novel is
not interesting.
When not used definite article “the”
The not using for the name of street,
for example :
I live in Saphir Street. BUKAN
I live in the Saphir Street.
This is the example bout definite
article “the” question :
1. They
went to ......................... (a/an/the) cinema last Saturday.
The answered is The.
III. GERUND (VERB+ING)
Gerund is verb-ing. Function of gerund
are subject, object, and object complement sentence.
This is example bout gerund question :
1.
What is her intention of ....... the problem
with us here ?
a.
To talk bout c. Talk bout
b.
Discussed d. Discussing
The answered is D.
IV. GERUND OR TO INFINITIVE
A particular verb can be followed by a
gerund or infinitive by to, for example :
I intend
buying the car.
I intend
to buy the car.
DIFFERENCES OF MEANING ‘GERUND’ AND ‘TO INFINITIVE’
· LIKE
LIKE+GERUND used if the word LIKE same
with ENJOY :
I
like (enjoy) reading novels.
LIKE+to infinitive used the word LIKE
didn’t same with ENJOY :
I
like to wash my hair.(saya suka
melakukannya meskipun tidak menikmatinya).
This is example question bout gerund or
to infinitive :
1.
I promise ........ (accompany) her last
week.
The answered is to accompany.
V. PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Present participle is ending verb–ing,
example talking, eating, standing.
This is example question bout present
participle, for example :
1. I
think my friend, Bella, is very kind because she always lets
me to use her car.
A B C
D
The answered is D.
VI. PAST PARTICIPLE
Past participle is verb of third type
like talked, eaten, stood, written. The function of past participle used in
present perfect tense, past perfect tense or future perfect tense.
This is example question bout past
participle :
1.
The
girl speak to the professor is very beautiful.
A B C
The answered is B.
VII. VERB+PREPOSITION
A verb followed by a preposition which
is always already a regular partner, for
example :
I apologize
to you for my mistake.
(pada kata kerja apologize diikuti oleh
preposisi to).
This is example question bout
verb+preposition :
1.
I am thinking ..... visiting the museum
next week.
a.
With c.To
b.
Of d.On
The answered is B.
VIII. VERB AGREEMENT
Verb agreement means a match between the
verb with the subject of the sentence.
The example question bout verb agreement
:
1.
My little brother sometimes ....... at
night.
a.
Crying c.Cries
b.
Wake up d.Cry
The answered is C.
IX.
MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
Into modal auxiliary verb is can, could,
will, would, may, might, shall, should, must, and ought.
The example question bout modal
auxiliary verbs :
1.
John should has submitted
his essay assignment on time.
A
B C D
The answered is A.
X.SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE
TO BE (am, is, are) and main verbs can
be used for establish sentence of simple present tense. The function of the
simple present tense is used to express the day activities are usually
characterized by frequency adverbs.
This is example question bout the simple
present tense :
1.
My brother ...... cartoon films on TV
every Sunday.
a.
Watchs c.
Watch
b.
Watches d.watching
The answered is B.
XI. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The sentence of the simple pas tense can
be made with using TO BE (was, were) or main verbs in past form. The function
is to express activities performed or in the past, for example :
I watched TV before i slept last night.
The example question bout the simple
past:
1.
My father did not .... to office
yesterday.
a.
Go c.
Went
b.
Going d.
Goes
The answered is C.
XII. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present continuous tense or present
progressive is type of the verbs which used current activities or plans in the
future. The function is to express the current activities.
For example question :
1.
He is read a novel at the
moment.
A B C
D
The
answered is A.
XIII. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past continuos tense is also called the past progressive tense is commonly used
in english for antions which were going on (had not finished) at the particular
time in the past.
For
example question :
1.
My little brother ......... (to
be/not/cry) at nine o’clock last night.
The
answered is was not crying.
XIV. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Present perfect tense is used to talk
about a past time, which has very strong meaning for the present. The function
is to express the actons that occurs at certain time which is uknown in the
past, example :
The trained has arrived.
For
example question:
1. What
...... he doing at the moment ?
a.
Is c.
Do
b.
Are d.Does
The
answered is A.
XV.
PAST
PERFECT TENSE
Past perfect tense is used to go further
back in time when we are already talking about the past. Past perfect tense
also used to express that an activity has occured in the past before another
action occurs, for example :
Tanti had left her house when i arrived.
The
example question bout past perfect tense is:
1.
When we started living in the town, they
....... (move) to another town.
The
answered is had moved.
XVI.
PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Present perfect continuous tense is
often used (which for a since) to describe how long something has been
happening up to now.
For
example question :
1.
Steven ..... (have/do) this homework for
fifteen minutes.
The
answered is has been doing.
XVII.
PAS
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past perfect continuous tense is used to
talk bout longer situationns that continued up to the moment in the past we are
talking about.
For
example question :
1.
Whem i arrived at this house, he .......
(sleep).
The
answered was seleeping.
XVIII. FUTURE TENSE
Future tense is going to happen when it has already been planned.
The function is to express an activity
to be performed in the future.
For example :
1.
We never.....each other in the sports
hall on public holidays.
a. Meet c.
Met
b. Seeing d.meeting
The answered is A.
XIX.
COMPARATIVE
DEGREE
Comparative degree can be used to
compare with adjectives, adverb of manner, anda verbs.
For
example :
1. Jakarta
is ..... than Yogyakarta
a.
More hot c.
Hot
b.
Hotter d.too
hot
The answered is B.
XX.
ADJECTIVE
CLAUSES
Adjective clause is clause which is
preceded by a clause markers like who, whom, which, where, when, whose or why.
The function to describe nouns.
For example :
1.
The boy ..... is in the yard is my
brother.
a.
What c.
Whose
b.
Who d.
Which
The
answered is B.
Sumber : buku TOP toefl grammar strategy (Silvester Goridus Sukur)
